Vara | Tithis | Masa | Samvatsara

Vara or Week

Week day in the Hindu Panchanga system is from Sunrise to next day Sunrise and NOT MIDNIGHT 12 O’clock.

The 7 weekdays are:

Sunday – Adivaram. Ruled by the Aditya or Sun God. A day of life, of integrity day of pure consciousness. Enjoy life, the Sun; pay attention to yourself and your inner Self. Good for enjoying work related to Nature, work related to gold, copper, trees, silk, fire, coronation. Control your anger and ego. Don’t be lazy, rude or violent.

Monday –Somavaram. Ruled by the Chandra or Moon. Day of creativity, original thinking and intuitive things. Good for buying new things like clothes, accessories and jewelry, marriage, intuitive decisions and actions, approval from ladies, make changes and things related to mother, water, milk. Don’t be rigid or tough, Avoid haircutting and manicure.

Tuesday – Mangalavaram. Ruled by Mangal or Mars. Day of material things. Good for work related to minerals and metals, medicine, fire, electricity, sporting activities. Not suitable to begin new things. Avoid traveling, be extra careful if you have to travel, beware of injuries, quarrel, falls and accidents. Take care of your health.

Wednesday – Budhavaram. Ruled by Budha or Mercury. Day of wisdom, knowledge, happiness. A favourable day for all types of refined work, shopping, sales, business, logic, starting new projects, communication; meeting friends, gain knowledge, marriage, preparing and taking medicines; publishing and printing, media work and press release. Avoid lies, cruelty and violence, don’t bet.

Thursday – Guruvaram. Ruled by Brihaspati or Jupiter. Day of Guru and higher officials, worship, wisdom, knowledge, devotion, children and money. A very favourable day for activities like getting married, giving gifts, doing charity, buying, shopping for important things, selling, planning finances, for charity, learning scriptures and new things, meditation, meeting your guru or boss, teaching and spending time with children, for banking, financial planning, beginning new education. Don’t get angry, don’t be greedy, fickle minded or violent or lazy or ungrateful. Don’t tell lies.

Friday – Shukravaram. Ruled by Shukra or Venus. A day of love, pleasures, fine arts, harmony, luck and happiness. Good for buying jewelry, accessories, clothes, flowers and any fine art or decorative things, marriage, courting the opposite sex, visiting or inviting friends, all types of pleasures, eating good food and sweets, money matters, travel and tourism. Avoid selling important things, being lonely.

Saturday – Shanivaram. Ruled by Shani or Saturn. Day of rest and recover, patience, service, work and charity. Take rest as resting on Saturday is good for longevity. Do things related to iron, land, farming and housing, yoga, meditation. Avoid fuss, doing anything important, don’t begin anything new. Behave yourself take care about your health. Don’t argue. Avoid haircut or manicure.

The 15 Tithis

Vridhi Tithi : The tithi which is present at the time of Sunrise on first day and also on the second day sunrise is called Vridhi Tithi.

Kshya Tithi : The tithi which starts after first sunrise and ends before second sun rise is called Kshaya Tithi.

1.Pratipada or Padyami. The Chandra Kala is Amrita. The presiding deity of the 1st Tithi is Brahma. It is a Nanda tithi which bestows happiness. It is auspicious for all types of religious and auspicious ceremonies, festivals, journeys, wedding, installation, observing a vow, accepting honors or a position, activities related to real estate and hair cutting.

2.Dwitiya. The Chandra Kala is Manada. Vidhata rules this 2nd Tithi. It is a Bhadra tithi which is good for starting any new work. Good for laying the foundation of house, factory, and other things of a permanent nature. Good for wedding, starting a job or any duty or the beginning of any work and wearing jewelry.

3.Tritiya. The Chandra Kala is Poosha. Vishnu is the lord of this Tithi. It is a Jaya Tithi and bestows victory. Auspicious day to start important businesses, wedding, the first music lesson, the first feeding of a child, construction. Good for the cuttings of one’s hair and nails and shaving.

4.Chaturthi. The Chandra Kala is Tusthi. Yama is lord of the 4th Tithi. It is a Rikta Tithi and not good for auspicious works. Good for the destruction of one’s enemies, the removal of obstacles, acts of combat, cleaning of the house, polishing, arguments, fight with the enemies, use of weapons and fire. Inauspicious day to start any important businesses.

5.Panchami. The Chandra Kala is Pusthi. The Moon rules this 5th Tithi. It is a Poorna Tithi and good for completing any work. Favourable for administering medicine, the purging of poisons and surgery. Auspicious day to start important businesses, wedding and healing.

6.Shasthi. Chandra Kala is Rati. Karttikeya presides over this 6th Tithi. It is a Nanda tithi which bestows happiness. Favourable for Coronation, Construction, activities related to the houses and real estate, jewelery making, starting friendship and starting war. Not very auspicious for marriage.

7.Saptami. The Chandra Kala is Dhruti. The 7th Tithi is ruled by Indra . It is a Bhadra Tithi which is good for starting any new work. Activities, related to transportation; Buying conveyances, wedding, music, dance, debate, decoration and ornaments; the beginning of a journey, starting a war and physical exercise.

8.Ashthami. The Chandra Kala is Sasichini. The Vasus rule this 8th Tithi. It is a Jaya Tithi and bestows victory. Good for taking up arms, building of one’s defenses, and fortification, architecture, debate, dance . Auspicious day to start important businesses, sport, studying arts, activities related to houses and estates, studying and construction.

9.Navami. The Chandra Kala is Chandrika. The Serpent rules this 9th Tithi. It is a Rikta Tithi and not good for auspicious works. Suitable for killing enemies, acts of destruction, and violence. Inauspicious day for important businesses. Good for arguments, competition, physical exercising, shooting etc. marksmanship and work with tools.

10.Dasami. The Chandra Kala is Kanta. This 10th Tithi is ruled by Dharma. It is a Poorna Tithi and good for completing any work. Good for acts of virtue, religious functions, spiritual practices, and other pious activities, entering a home, to start important businesses, wedding, wearing jewels, journeys, activities, related to transportation, vehicles, houses and meeting important people.

11.Ekadasi. The Chandra Kala is Jyostna. Rudra rules this 11th Tithi. It is a Nanda tithi which bestows happiness. Fasting, worship, fulfilling promises, wedding, arguments, physical exercises, construction, pilgrimage, spiritual holidays, festivities, observing vows, decorating, arrival and departure.

12.Dwadasi. The Chandra Kala is Shree. The Sun rules this 12th Tithi. It is a Bhadra Tithi which is good for starting any new work. Auspicious for all religious ceremonies, the lighting of the sacred fire, and the performance of one’s duties. Fulfillment of promises, other auspicious activities. Avoiding taking oil bath and journeys. Wedding is not very auspicious.

13.Trayodasi. The Chandra Kala is Priti. The 13th Tithi is ruled by Cupid. Also called Pradosham and very good for Pooja of Lord Shiva. It is a Jaya Tithi and bestows victory. Auspicious day to start important businesses, wearing new clothes and jewels, struggle, fulfillment of promises, starting a war, observing vows and sensual pleasures. 14.Chaturdasi. The Chandra Kala is Angada. Kali rules this 14th. It is a Rikta Tithi and not good for auspicious works. Suitable for administering poison and calling of elements and spirits. Inauspicious day for any important businesses. Only do routine work and read scriptures. Avoid journeys, hair cutting and manicure.

15.Amavasya. The Chandra Kala is Poorna. The Viswadevas rule this 15th Tithi. It is a Poorna Tithi but not good for any work except religious ceremonies and worship. Inauspicious day for any work except religious ceremonies, charity and performing rites for the departed.

15.Poornima. The Chandra Kala is Poorna. The Viswadevas rule this 15th Tithi. It is a Poorna Tithi and good for completing any work. Auspicious day to start important businesses, constructions, accepting a position, the beginning of work, spiritual ceremonies, household work and physical activities

Months

There are two month counting systems prevalant in India.

1.Amanta or mukhya mana system – a month begins after a new moon, mostly followed in the southern states.

2.Purnimanta or gauna mana system – a month begins after full moon, Panchanga, followed more in the North.

Quite understandably, no matter which of the above systems are used, the Festival dates should be same – ie, Diwali date is same.

The 6 Sesasons and 12 months are:

Vasanta - Chaitra

Vasanta - Vishaka

Grishma - Jyeshta

Grishma - Ashada

Varsha - Shravana

Varsha - Bhadrapadha

Sharada - Aswija

Sharada - Kartika

Hemanta - Margashira

Hemanta - Pushya

Shishira - Magha

Shishira - Phalguna

Adhika Masam

An adhika masa occurs once every two or three years (meaning, with a gap of one or two years without adhika masas). Since the tithi calendar is based on the phases of the moon, the twelve lunar months take 354 days, 8 hours and 34.28 seconds. This creates a difference of 10 days, 21 hours and 35.16 seconds from the actual solar year (365 days, 6 hours, 9.54 seconds)

When the accumulated difference exceeds 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2.865 seconds, an adjustment is made with a extra month (Adhika Maas), which carries the name of the previous or the next month, depending on the proximity of the month. Normally, seven extra months occur in 19 years.

When there is no solar ingress in a lunar month, ie, the sun does not at all transit into any new rashi but simply keeps moving within a rashi in a lunar month (i.e. before a new moon), then that lunar month will be named according to the first upcoming transit. It will also take the epithet of adhika or “extra”. For example, if a lunar month elapsed without a solar transit and the next transit is into Mesha, then this month without transit is labeled adhika Chaitra. The next month will be labeled according to its transit as usual and will get the epithet nija (“original”) or shuddha (“clean”).

Kshaya Masam

If the sun transits into two rashis within a lunar month, then the month will have to be labeled by both transits and will take the epithet kshaya or “loss”. There is considered to be a “loss” because: if the sun had transited into only one raashi in a lunar month as is usual, there would have been two separate months labeled by the two transits in question; but now there is only one month labeled by both transits!

For example, if the sun transits into Mesha and Vrishabha in a lunar month, then it will be called Chaitra-Vaishaakha kshaya. There will be no separate months labeled Chaitra and Vaishakha.

A kshaya masa occurs very rarely. Known gaps between occurrence of kshaya masas are 19 and 141 years. The last was in 1983. Jan-15 through Feb-12 were Pausha-Magha kshaya. Feb-13 onwards was (adhika) Phalguna.

The Sixty Hindu Years

The sixty Ugadi year names are as follows:

1. (1867, 1927, 1987, 2047) Prabhava ప్రభవ (యజ్ఞములు అధికంగా జరుగుతాయి)

2. (1868, 1928, 1988, 2048) Vibhava విభవ (సుఖంగా జీవిస్తారు)

3. (1869, 1929, 1989, 2049) Śukla శుక్ల (సమృద్దిగా పంటలు పండుతాయి)

4. (1870, 1930, 1990, 2050) Pramōdyuta ప్రమోద్యూత (అందరికి ఆనందాన్ని ఇస్తుంది)

5. (1871, 1931, 1991, 2051) Prajōtpatti ప్రజోత్పత్తి (అన్నింటిలోను అభివృద్ధి ఉంటుంది)

6. (1872, 1932, 1992, 2052) Āṅgīrasa ఆంగీరస (భోగాలు కలుగుతాయి)

7. (1873, 1933, 1993, 2053) Śrīmukha శ్రీముఖ (వనరులు సమృద్దిగా ఉంటాయి)

8. (1874, 1934, 1994, 2054) Bhava భవ (ఉన్నత భావాలు కలిగి ఉంటారు)

9. (1875, 1935, 1995, 2055) Yuva యువ (వర్షాలు కురిపించి పంటలు సమృద్ధిగా చేతికి అందుతాయి)

10. (1876, 1936, 1996, 2056) Dhāta ధాత (అనారోగ్య బాధలు తగ్గుతాయి)

11. (1877, 1937, 1997, 2057) Īśvara ఈశ్వర (క్షేమం, ఆరోగ్యాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది)

12. (1878, 1938, 1998, 2058) Bahudhānya బహుధాన్య (దేశం సుభిక్షంగా, సంతోషంగా ఉండాలని సూచిస్తుంది)

13. (1879, 1939, 1999, 2059) Pramādhi ప్రమాధి (వర్షాలు మధ్యస్థంగా ఉంటాయి‌)

14. (1880, 1940, 2000, 2060) Vikrama విక్రమ (పంటలు బాగా పండి రైతన్నలు సంతోషిస్తారు, విజయాలు సాధిస్తారు)

15. (1881, 1941, 2001, 2061) Vr̥ṣa వృష (వర్షాలు సమృద్ధిగా కురుస్తాయి)

16. (1882, 1942, 2002, 2062) Citrabhānu చిత్రభాను (అద్భుతమైన ఫలితాలు పొందుతారు)

17. (1883, 1943, 2003, 2063) Svabhānu స్వభాను (క్షేమము, ఆరోగ్యం)

18. (1884, 1944, 2004, 2064) Tāraṇa తారణ (మేఘాలు సరైన సమయంలో వర్షించి సమృద్ధిగా వర్షాలు కురుస్తాయి)

19. (1885, 1945, 2005, 2065) Pārthiva పార్థివ (ఐశ్వర్యం, సంపద పెరుగుతాయి)

20. (1886, 1946, 2006, 2066) Vyaya వ్యయ (అతివృష్టి, అనవసర ఖర్చులు)

21. (1887, 1947, 2007, 2067) Sarvajittu సర్వజిత్తు (సంతోషకరంగా చాలా వర్షాలు కురుస్తాయి)

22. (1888, 1948, 2008, 2068) Sarvadhāri సర్వధారి (సుభిక్షంగా ఉంటారు)

23. (1889, 1949, 2009, 2069) Virōdhi విరోధి (వర్షాలు లేకుండా ఇబ్బందులు పడే సమయం)

24. (1890, 1950, 2010, 2070) Vikr̥ti వికృతి (ఈ సమయం భయంకరంగా ఉంటుంది)

25. (1891, 1951, 2011, 2071) Khara ఖర (పరిస్థితులు సాధారణంగా ఉంటాయి)

26. (1892, 1952, 2012, 2072) Nandana ‌నందన (ప్రజలకు ఆనందం కలుగుతుంది)

27. (1893, 1953, 2013, 2073) Vijaya విజయ (శత్రువులను జయిస్తారు)

28. (1894, 1954, 2014, 2074) Jaya జయ (లాభాలు, విజయం సాధిస్తారు)

29. (1895, 1955, 2015, 2075) Manmadha మన్మధ (జ్వరాది బాధలు తొలగిపోతాయి)

30. (1896, 1956, 2016, 2076) Durmukhi దుర్ముఖి (ఇబ్బందులు ఉన్న క్షేమంగానే ఉంటారు)

31. (1897, 1957, 2017, 2077) Hēvaḷambi హేవళంబి (ప్రజలు సంతోషంగా ఉంటారు)

32. (1898, 1958, 2018, 2078) Viḷambi విళంబి (సుభిక్షంగా ఉంటారు)

33. (1899, 1959, 2019, 2079) Vikāri వికారి (అనారోగ్యాన్ని కలిగిస్తుంది, శత్రువులకు చాలా కోపం తీసుకొస్తుంది)

34. (1900, 1960, 2020, 2080) Śārvari శార్వరి (చీకటి)

35. (1901, 1961, 2021, 2081) Plava ప్లవ (ఒడ్డుకు చేర్చునది)

36. (1902, 1962, 2022, 2082) Śubhakr̥ttu శుభకృతు (శుభములు కలిగించేది)

37. (1903, 1963, 2023, 2083) Śōbhakr̥ttu శోభకృతు (లాభములు కలిగించేది)

38. (1904, 1964, 2024, 2084) Krōdhi క్రోధి (కోపం కలిగించేది)

39. (1905, 1965, 2025, 2085) Viśvāvasu విశ్వావసు (ధనం సమృద్ధిగా ఉంటుంది)

40. (1906, 1966, 2026, 2086) Parābhava పరాభవ (ప్రజల పరాభవాలకు గురవుతారు)

41. (1907, 1967, 2027, 2087) Plavaṅga ప్లవంగ (నీరు సమృద్ధిగా ఉంటుంది)

42. (1908, 1968, 2028, 2088) Kīlaka కీలక (పంటలు బాగా పండుతాయి)

43. (1909, 1969, 2029, 2089) Saumya సౌమ్య (శుభ ఫలితాలు అధికం)

44. (1910, 1970, 2030, 2090) Sādhāraṇa సాధారణ (సాధారణ పరిస్థితులు ఉంటాయి)

45. (1911, 1971, 2031, 2091) Virōdhikr̥ttu విరోధికృతు (ప్రజల్లో విరోధం ఏర్పడుతుంది)

46. (1912, 1972, 2032, 2092) Paridhāvi పరిధావి (ప్రజల్లో భయం ఎక్కువగా ఉంటుంది)

47. (1913, 1973, 2033, 2093) Pramādīca ప్రమాదీచ (ప్రమాదాలు ఎక్కువ)

48. (1914, 1974, 2034, 2094) Ānanda ఆనంద (ఆనందంగా ఉంటారు)

49. (1915, 1975, 2035, 2095) Rākṣasa రాక్షస (కఠిన హృదయం కలిగి ఉంటారు)

50. (1916, 1976, 2036, 2096) Nala నల (పంటలు బాగా పండుతాయి)

51. (1917, 1977, 2037, 2097) Piṅgaḷa పింగళ (సామాన్య ఫలితాలు కలుగుతాయి)

52. (1918, 1978, 2038, 2098) Kāḷayukti కాళయుక్తి (కాలానికి అనుకూలమైన ఫలితాలు లభిస్తాయి)

53. (1919, 1979, 2039, 2099) Siddhārthi సిద్ధార్ది (కార్య సిద్ధి)

54. (1920, 1980, 2040, 2100) Raudri రౌద్రి (ప్రజలకు చిన్నపాటి బాధలు ఉంటాయి)

55. (1921, 1981, 2041, 2101) Durmati దుర్మతి (వర్షాలు సామాన్యంగా ఉంటాయి)

56. (1922, 1982, 2042, 2102) Dundubhi దుందుభి (క్షేమం, ధ్యానం)

57. (1923, 1983, 2043, 2103) Rudhirōdgāri రుధిరోద్గారి (ప్రమాదాలు ఎక్కువ)

58. (1924, 1984, 2044, 2104) Raktākṣi రక్తాక్షి (అశుభాలు కలుగుతాయి)

59. (1925, 1985, 2045, 2105) Krōdhana క్రోధన (విజయాలు సిద్ధిస్తాయి)

60. (1926, 1986, 2046, 2106) Akṣaya అక్షయ (తరగని సంపద)

In ancient days Yogis (saints) interact directly with God, according to that, they have given information related to our Indian Kalachakra (time-cycle) in relation to Lord Brahma. Below is the Indian Kalachakra (time-cycle):

60 years = Shashti Poorthi

432,000 years = Kali Yuga

864,000 years = Dvapara Yuga

1,296,000 years = Treta Yuga

1,728,000 years = Satya Yuga

4,320,000 years = Chatur Yuga (Total 4 Yuga)

71 Chatur Yuga = Manvantara

1,000 Chatur Yuga = Kalpa a.k.a. Brahma day (= 14 Manvantara + 15 Manvantara-sandhya)

Kalpa + Pralaya = Brahma Day (day + night)

30 Brahma Days = Brahma month

12 Brahma months = Brahma year

100 Brahma years = Brahma lifespan a.k.a.

Maha-kalpa of 311.04 trillion years (followed by Maha-pralaya of equal length)